Bachelor of medicine, Bachelor of surgery - MBBS (Medicinae Baccalaureus and Bachelor of Surgery) is a 5.5 year expert path for which the scholars are offered the ranges in medication and surgical procedure upon a success final touch of the path. The path ambitions at supplying first-class training and education to college students to assist make contributions to the developing zone of health and remedy. The route is regulated through the medical Council of India and is spanned for 4 and 1/2 years divided into semesters, followed by means of a compulsory internship for 12 months. The syllabus, prescribed in such a way that MBBS degree holders can choose a specialisation for further majoring and practising medicine. The career specialisations for MBBS students are Nephrology, Cardiology, Gynaecology, Anaesthesiology, Organ Transplant, Endocrine, and General Surgery, etc.

M.D. Radio diagnosis is a 3 year postgraduate Radiography course. Radio diagnosis is a medical science branch focuses on the use of radiation, ultrasound and magnetic resonance in medicinal practices. It relates to anatomy, pathology, physiology and interventional procedure. The course deals with allergic contrast reactions & be aware of resuscitation methods and helps to acquired good Basic knowledge in the various sub-specialties of radiology such as Neuro-radiology, GI-radiology, Uro-radiology, Vascular-radiology, Musculoskeletal, Interventional radiology, Emergency radiology, Paediatric Radiology and Mammography. The course is an important one that opens many career scopes for them after its completion.

M.D. Anaesthesia or Doctor of Medicine in Anaesthesia is a 3 year postgraduate Anaesthesia course. Anaesthesia means the utilization of drugs that minimize pain by causing insensibility. During the course, students learn about areas such as ambulatory anaesthesia, cardiothoracic anesthesiology, paediatric anaesthesiology, neuro-anaesthesia, obstetrical anesthesiology and pain management. Anaesthesia controls pain during surgery or other medical procedures. It includes using medicines, and sometimes closes monitoring, to keep you comfortable. It can also help control breathing, blood pressure, blood flow, and heart rate and rhythm when needed. Some of the types of Anaesthesia are local anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia and general anaesthesia. The duration of the course is two years and it is an important and job orienting in nature.

M.D. or Doctor of Medicine is a 3 year postgraduate Medicine course. The course is based on gaining an in-depth knowledge of one's chosen field of specialisation. The duration of the Doctor of Medicine course is 3 years of study including the successful completion of an exam that covers both theoretical and practical elements. The examination for M.D. is held at the end of 3 academic years which includes 6 academic terms. M.D. course is more practical oriented, and research-based, as compared to M.B.B.S. Medical Council of India, is the authority which approves and recognises various Institutes to provide Doctor of Medicine Degree Course. Since the course involves the deeper study of relevant subjects, one needs to be prepared for mind-boggling study. It is amongst the popular courses pursued by medical graduates, primarily because of a high salary package.

M.D. Microbiology is a 3 year postgraduate course. Candidates acquire the knowledge in the sub-specialties of Bacteriology including Micro bacteriology, Virology, Parasitological, Immunology, and Serology & Mycology to be able to deal with diagnosis and prevention of infectious diseases in the community. Subjects studied under this degree are general microbiology, human immunology, mycology and bacterial pathogenesis.

M.D. Pathology or Doctor of Medicine in Pathology is a 3 year postgraduate course. Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, bodily fluids, and whole bodies (autopsies). Areas of study include cellular adaptation to injury, necrosis, and inflammation, wound healing, and neoplasia. The course helps the candidates to be able to perform procedures designated for laboratory detection of diseases. The course deals with effects, development, processes and causes of diseases. Subjects studied under this degree are Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, Medical Genetics and Neuroscience.

M.D. Biochemistry or Doctor of Medicine in Biochemistry is a 3 year postgraduate course. Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition, and chemical reactions of substances in living systems. Biochemistry emerged as a separate discipline when scientists combined biology with organic, inorganic, or physical chemistry and began to study such topics as how living things obtain energy from food, the chemical basis of heredity, and what fundamental changes occur in disease. Biochemistry is applied to medicine, dentistry, and veterinary medicine. In food science, biochemists research ways to develop abundant and inexpensive sources of nutritious foods, determine the chemical composition of foods, and develop methods to extract nutrients from waste products, or invent ways to prolong the shelf life food products. In agriculture, biochemists study the interaction of herbicides with plants. They examine the structure-activity relationships of compounds, determine their ability to inhibit growth, and evaluate the toxicological effects on surrounding life.

MD in Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology is a 3 year post graduate course. Eligibility to which is clearing bachelor’s degree such as MBBS, DMS, BHMS, and BDS etc. Admission for this course is on the basis of rank that is obtained in the entrance test conducted.

This course MD in Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology consists of major subjects which include topics like immunology of dermatological diseases, cellular and molecular inflammation, skin genetics, skin structure and development of skin, basic reactions of skin, repair and carcinogenesis. Major Job profiles and designation after MD in Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology is professor, Skin specialist, Therapy manager, sales coordinator, Clinical application specialist etc.

Doctor of Medicine in Paediatrics is a 3 year post graduation course. Paediatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents, and the age limit usually ranges from birth up to 18.

M.D. Physiology is a 3 year postgraduate Physiology course. Physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed. The course is related to anatomy; anatomy is the study of form, and physiology is the study of function. Due to the frequent connection between form and function, physiology and anatomy are intrinsically linked and are studied in tandem as part of a medical curriculum.

M.D. Community Medicine or Doctor of Medicine in Community Medicine is a 3 year postgraduate Medicine course. Community Medicine is the specialty that deals with the health and disease of a population or of a specified community. The goal is to identify health problems and needs, to identify the means by which these needs may be met, and to evaluate the extent to which health services do so. The Course helps to enable a candidate to study critically and manage existing health programs of all levels (local state, national) and suggest alternatives for achieving desired goals and Conduct and guide research in various disciplines of health sciences, health management, health systems research, and operational research.

M.D. Pharmacology is a 3 year postgraduate course. Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (within the cell) molecule which exerts a biochemical and or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism.

M.D. Psychiatry or Doctor of Medicine in Psychiatry is a 3 year postgraduate Psychiatry course. A psychiatrist is a physician (a medical doctor-either an MD or a DO) who specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mental, addictive, and emotional disorders. The Course helps to train the medical, psychological, and social components of mental, emotional, and behavioural disorders and utilize a broad range of treatment modalities; including diagnostic tests, prescribing medications, psychotherapy, and helping patients and their families cope with stress and crises. The course includes neurobiology, biopsychology, prescription of psychiatric drugs and diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.

M.D. Pulmonary Medicine or M.D. TB & Chest Diseases is a 3 year post graduate programme. Programs focus on interstitial lung disease, pulmonary vascular disease, heart-lung and lung transplantation, and non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease. It also provides preoperative evaluations and comprehensive pulmonary function testing. The course includes the whole range of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures associated with the practice of pulmonary and critical care medicine: flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy with all ancillary procedures, thoracentesis and closed pleural biopsy, endotracheal intubation, arterial and central vein line placement, bedside pulmonary artery catheterization, and chest tube placement.

M.S. General Surgery or Master of Surgery in General Surgery is a postgraduate Surgery course. Surgery is a branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures. General Surgery is a subfield of Surgery which deals with the surgical treatment of abdominal organs, e.g. intestines inclusive esophagus, stomach, colon, liver and furthermore of the thyroid gland and hernia. Though the course has been termed as ‘General Surgery’, it is not as much a General as one would expect as it involves surgical procedure involving including appendicitis, hernias, gallbladder surgeries, stomach and intestinal issues.

M.S. Obstetrics & Gynaecology or Master of Surgery in Obstetrics & Gynaecology is a 3 year postgraduate Obstetrics course. Obstetrics and Gynaecology are the two surgical–medical specialties dealing with the female reproductive organs in their pregnant and non-pregnant state, respectively, and as such are often combined to form a single medical specialty and postgraduate training program. Course includes Obstetrics Pathology, Gynaecological Pathology, Operative Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Medical & Surgical Diseases, Complication in Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Social Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Abnormal Pregnancies, Common Disorders & Systemic Diseases Associated with Pregnancy, Common Obstetrical Operations, Infant Care, Neonatal hygiene, Breastfeeding, Artificial feeding, Management of premature child, Asphyxia, Birth injuries, Common Disorders of New Born etc.

M.S. Anatomy is a 3 year post graduate course. The course provides the basic framework and vocabulary used in all descriptions and communications about the body. Anatomy is the specialized branch of medicine that deals with the structure of the human body. Course includes Gross and Regional Anatomy, Osteology, Anthropology, Myology, Systemic Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Applied and Clinical Anatomy, General & Systemic Embryology, Comparative Embryology, Principles of Genetics, General Histology, Histology of Organs & Structure, Staining Techniques, Outline of Evolution, Comparative Anatomy, Physical Anthropology, Radiological Anatomy, Surface Anatomy, Surface marking of Human Body etc.

MS in ENT is a 3- year postgraduate course in medicine pursued upon completion of MBBS with a 1-year internship.

Otolaryngology or ENT (ear, nose and throat) is a division of medicine which involves the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose and throat disorders. Subjects studied as part of this course are Anatomy and Physiology of the ear, nose, and throat, Pathophysiology of common disorders of the ear, nose and throat, and research-based evidence generation.

M.S. Orthopaedics or Master of Surgery in Orthopaedics is a 3 year postgraduate course. Orthopaedics is the branch of surgery concerned with acute, chronic, traumatic, and overuse injuries and other disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Orthopaedic surgeons address most musculoskeletal ailments including arthritis, trauma and congenital deformities using both surgical and non-surgical means. Orthopaedics covers that how to diagnose and treat diseases related to bones and joints such as all kinds of cervical spondylosis, bone tumour, spinal cord injury, rheumatoid arthritis, congenital diseases related to bones and joints, complex limb fractures and fractures that do not get healed.

M.S. Ophthalmology or Master of Surgery in Ophthalmology is a 3 year postgraduate course. Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. An ophthalmologist is a specialist in medical and surgical eye problems. The course includes orbital and ocular anatomy, Gross anatomy, Histology, Ocular Physiology, Ocular Pathology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology with reference to ocular immunology. The course also imparts the opportunities for ophthalmologic research in clinical surgery settings like fine microsurgery, using the operating microscope, and intraocular surgery or vitreoretinal surgery of the eye.

D.M. Cardiology is a 3 year post-Doctorate Cardiology Medical course. Cardiology is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the heart (especially the human heart). The main thing that is done during the course is the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology. The duration of Doctor of Medicine in Cardiology is three years and it may be more or less than this depending on institutes differently. Candidate should have passed MD/MS from any Medical college which is recognized by the medical council of India.

D.M. Nephrology is a 3 year Doctorate Nephrology course. Nephrology is a branch of internal medicine and paediatrics which is dealing with the study of the function and diseases of the kidney. The main aim of D.M. (Nephrology) program is to provide training to the candidates in the speciality of Nephrology encompassing the related knowledge, skills, research methodology and attitudes. Subsequently, this course enables them to function as an independent clinician/consultant, a teacher or a research scientist. The duration of the course is three years and it offers widespread opportunities both in government and private sectors including self-employment.

D.M. Neurology is a 3 year post-Doctorate Neurology Medical course. Neurology means that it is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system. More clearly it deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effectors tissue, such as muscle. The components of the curriculum which are undertaken during the course are: Theoretical Knowledge, Practical and Clinical skills, Attitudes including Communication skills and Knowledge about research methodology.

M.Ch. in Vascular Surgery or Cardio-Vascular Thoracic Surgery is a 3-5 year long postgraduate/super speciality course in surgical medicine. Chirurgiae in Cardio-Vascular Thoracic Surgery is a field of medicine involved in the surgical treatment of diseases affecting organs inside the thorax (the chest), heart, and lungs. The program is essentially research-oriented and focuses on thoracic organ transplantation and treatment of valvular, aneurysm, congenital, and ischemic heart diseases, and pulmonary and mediastinal tumors.

The duration of M.Ch. in Vascular Surgery is 3-5 years and it may be change depending on the qualification you have, ie M.Ch. is a super speciality course, aspiring candidates can pursue Master of Chirurgiae degree after MBBS as a 5 year course. Also, such candidates who are in possession of their MS degree can opt for M.Ch. as a 3 year course after completion of MS.

M. Ch. in Urology which a 3-5 year postgraduate/super speciality course. Master of Chirurgiae in Urology is Post Graduate Academic Degree awarded for a program in the field of surgery. This training program is designed to prepare physicians to evaluate, understand, and manage medical and surgical aspects of genitourinary disorders. The curriculum includes basic and clinical research in renovascular hypertension, adult and pediatric urinary tract infection, treatment of urinary incontinence, neurourology, urinary tract physiology, anatomy and cellular biology of the prostate gland, and genitourinary oncology.

The duration of M. Ch. Urology is 3-5 years and it may be change depending on the qualification you have, ie M.Ch. is a super speciality course, aspiring candidates can pursue Master of Chirurgiae degree after MBBS as a 5 year course. Also, such candidates who are in possession of their MS degree can opt for M.Ch. as a 3 year course after completion of MS.

M.Sc. Medical Anatomy is a 2 year postgraduate programme. Graduate study in Medical anatomy provides advanced professional education in the essentials of Medical anatomy, including gross anatomy, developmental anatomy (embryology), microanatomy (cell biology/histology) and neurobiology. A program focuses on the scientific study of organ systems, tissue structures, and whole bodies together with their cellular and structural components and dynamics. The course includes instruction in cell biology and histology, structural biology, molecular mechanics, regional and gross anatomy, embryology, neuroanatomy, endocrinology and secretory dynamics, and applications to such topics as aging and disease conditions. Subjects studied under this degree are Medical Gross Anatomy; Medical Anatomy including Histology, Embryology and History of Anatomy, Nemoanatomy; Genetics and Physical Anthropology; and Applied Anatomy & Recent Advances in Anatomy.

M.Sc. Physiology is a 2 year postgraduate Physiology course. Physiology is the science of the functioning of living system. Physiology is a sub category of biology. In this course, scientific method is applied to determine how organism, organ system, organ, cell and bimolecular function carry out the chemical or physical function that they have in a living system. Environmental Physiology, Autonomic Physiology and Pulmonary Physiology are covered during the course as well.

M.Sc. Pharmacology is a 2 year postgraduate Pharmacy course. Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action. The course includes the formulate hypotheses in a specific area of pharmacological research and tests them through active research. M.Sc. Pharmacology trains the budding doctors with knowledge of correct prescription writing and its medico-legal importance. Also, help to excel them as good academicians or a research scholar. 

M.Sc. Medical Microbiology is a 2 year postgraduate Microbiology course. The course aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical knowledge of medical microbiology which includes the spread of micro-organisms, disease causation, diagnosis and or treatment of pathogens of major significance to public health and advanced practical training in this diverse field. The increasing incidence of microbial infections worldwide is being compounded by the rapid evolution of drug-resistant variants and opportunistic infections by other organisms.

Master of Science (MSc) in Biochemistry is a 2 year postgraduate programme which offers a specialization in Biochemistry, which is also known as Biochemistry. The study of Biochemistry deals with chemical processes within and relating to living organisms in Science. The processes give life to the complexity of life. Students take up MSc Biochemistry in order to better understand the chemical processes which deal with living organisms. An MSc course helps a student understand the nature of the course in a theoretical and practical manner and grooming young aspirant’s research further in the field of Biochemistry.

M. Sc. Exercise Physiology & Sports Nutrition (Medical) is a 2 year course. Sport Science is the application of scientific principles and techniques with the aim of improving sporting performance. Sport Science offers students the opportunity to develop a specific area of expertise. You can choose to do a research project in any sub-discipline of sport science. Examples include but are not limited to: Sports Performance, Performance Analysis, Sports Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, including Environmental Physiology, Biomechanics, Kinesiology and Sports Injuries, Sports Psychology, Sport and Leisure Management. Course includes physical therapists, certified athletic trainers, health and physical education teachers, business owners, personal trainers, chiropractors, wellness counsellors, military personnel, and other health/fitness areas.

M. Sc. Clinical Embryology is a 2 year postgraduate course. M. Sc (Clinical Embryology) should enable a medical graduate to become a competent embryologist, acquire knowledge and skills in educational technology and conduct research in bio-medical sciences. Assess viability of embryos and their developmental competence with fair accuracy. Clinical embryologists are trained medical professionals who specialise in treating cases of infertility and helping people to conceive and give birth. These guys use advanced and complex diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic treatments and equipment to help people make babies.

M. Sc. Child Development and Interventions is a 2 year course which aims to promote a critical understanding of theories and research on child development and their relevance to the design and evaluation of educational programmes and policies in diverse contexts. It also aims to promote a critical understanding of the current challenges for a global and inclusive science of child development. 

M.Ch. Plastic Surgery is a 3-5 year postgraduate/super speciality Surgery course. Plastic surgery is a medical specialty that is concerned with the correction or restoration of form and function. There are two types of plastic surgery: Cosmetic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery. During the course, the students are introduced that how to improve patients' appearance and self-image through both reconstructive and cosmetic procedures along with many other specialties.

The duration of M. Ch. Plastic Surgery is 3-5 years and it may be change depending on the qualification you have, ie M.Ch. is a super speciality course, aspiring candidates can pursue Master of Chirurgiae degree after MBBS as a 5 year course. Also, such candidates who are in possession of their MS degree can opt for M.Ch. as a 3 year course after completion of MS.