Bachelor of medicine, Bachelor of surgery - MBBS (Medicinae Baccalaureus and Bachelor of Surgery) is a 5.5 year expert path for which the scholars are offered the ranges in medication and surgical procedure upon a success final touch of the path. The path ambitions at supplying first-class training and education to college students to assist make contributions to the developing zone of health and remedy. The route is regulated through the medical Council of India and is spanned for 4 and 1/2 years divided into semesters, followed by means of a compulsory internship for 12 months. The syllabus, prescribed in such a way that MBBS degree holders can choose a specialisation for further majoring and practising medicine. The career specialisations for MBBS students are Nephrology, Cardiology, Gynaecology, Anaesthesiology, Organ Transplant, Endocrine, and General Surgery, etc.

M.D. Anatomy or Doctor of Medicine in Anatomy is a 3 year post graduate course. The course provides the basic framework and vocabulary used in all descriptions and communications about the body. Anatomy is the specialized branch of medicine that deals with the structure of the human body. Course includes Gross and Regional Anatomy, Osteology, Anthropology, Myology, Systemic Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Applied and Clinical Anatomy, General & Systemic Embryology, Comparative Embryology, Principles of Genetics, General Histology, Histology of Organs & Structure, Staining Techniques, Outline of Evolution, Comparative Anatomy, Physical Anthropology, Radiological Anatomy, Surface Anatomy, Surface marking of Human Body etc.

M.D. Physiology is a 3 year postgraduate Physiology course. Physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed. The course is related to anatomy; anatomy is the study of form, and physiology is the study of function. Due to the frequent connection between form and function, physiology and anatomy are intrinsically linked and are studied in tandem as part of a medical curriculum.

M.D. Biochemistry or Doctor of Medicine in Biochemistry is a 3 year postgraduate course. Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition, and chemical reactions of substances in living systems. Biochemistry emerged as a separate discipline when scientists combined biology with organic, inorganic, or physical chemistry and began to study such topics as how living things obtain energy from food, the chemical basis of heredity, and what fundamental changes occur in disease. Biochemistry is applied to medicine, dentistry, and veterinary medicine. In food science, biochemists research ways to develop abundant and inexpensive sources of nutritious foods, determine the chemical composition of foods, and develop methods to extract nutrients from waste products, or invent ways to prolong the shelf life food products. In agriculture, biochemists study the interaction of herbicides with plants. They examine the structure-activity relationships of compounds, determine their ability to inhibit growth, and evaluate the toxicological effects on surrounding life.

M.D. Community Medicine or Doctor of Medicine in Community Medicine is a 3 year postgraduate Medicine course. Community Medicine is the specialty that deals with the health and disease of a population or of a specified community. The goal is to identify health problems and needs, to identify the means by which these needs may be met, and to evaluate the extent to which health services do so. The Course helps to enable a candidate to study critically and manage existing health programs of all levels (local state, national) and suggest alternatives for achieving desired goals and Conduct and guide research in various disciplines of health sciences, health management, health systems research, and operational research. The duration of the course is two or three years, but it depends only on the very institutes.

M.D. Microbiology or Doctor of Medicine in Microbiology is a 3 year postgraduate course. Candidates acquire the knowledge in the sub-specialties of Bacteriology including Micro bacteriology, Virology, Parasitological, Immunology, and Serology & Mycology to be able to deal with diagnosis and prevention of infectious diseases in the community. Subjects studied under this degree are general microbiology, human immunology, mycology and bacterial pathogenesis.

M.D. Pathology or Doctor of Medicine in Pathology is a 3 year postgraduate course. Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, bodily fluids, and whole bodies (autopsies). Areas of study include cellular adaptation to injury, necrosis, and inflammation, wound healing, and neoplasia. The course helps the candidates to be able to perform procedures designated for laboratory detection of diseases. The course deals with effects, development, processes and causes of diseases. Subjects studied under this degree are Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, Medical Genetics and Neuroscience.

M.D. Pharmacology or Doctor of Medicine in Pharmacology is a 3 year postgraduate course. Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (within the cell) molecule which exerts a biochemical and or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism.

M.D. Anaesthesia or Doctor of Medicine in Anaesthesia is a 3 year postgraduate Anaesthesia course. Anaesthesia means the utilization of drugs that minimize pain by causing insensibility. During the course, students learn about areas such as ambulatory anaesthesia, cardiothoracic anesthesiology, paediatric anaesthesiology, neuro-anaesthesia, obstetrical anesthesiology and pain management. Anaesthesia controls pain during surgery or other medical procedures. It includes using medicines, and sometimes closes monitoring, to keep you comfortable. It can also help control breathing, blood pressure, blood flow, and heart rate and rhythm when needed. Some of the types of Anaesthesia are local anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia and general anaesthesia. The duration of the course is two years and it is an important and job orienting in nature.

M.D. or Doctor of Medicine is a 3 year postgraduate Medicine course. The course is based on gaining an in-depth knowledge of one's chosen field of specialisation. The duration of the Doctor of Medicine course is 3 years of study including the successful completion of an exam that covers both theoretical and practical elements. The examination for M.D. is held at the end of 3 academic years which includes 6 academic terms. M.D. course is more practical oriented, and research-based, as compared to M.B.B.S. Medical Council of India, is the authority which approves and recognises various Institutes to provide Doctor of Medicine Degree Course. Since the course involves the deeper study of relevant subjects, one needs to be prepared for mind-boggling study. It is amongst the popular courses pursued by medical graduates, primarily because of a high salary package.

M.S. General Surgery or Master of Surgery in General Surgery is a postgraduate Surgery course. Surgery is a branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures. General Surgery is a subfield of Surgery which deals with the surgical treatment of abdominal organs, e.g. intestines inclusive esophagus, stomach, colon, liver and furthermore of the thyroid gland and hernia. Though the course has been termed as ‘General Surgery’, it is not as much a General as one would expect as it involves surgical procedure involving including appendicitis, hernias, gallbladder surgeries, stomach and intestinal issues.

Doctor of Medicine in Paediatrics is a 3 year post graduation course. Paediatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents, and the age limit usually ranges from birth up to 18.

M.S. Obstetrics & Gynaecology or Master of Surgery in Obstetrics & Gynaecology is a 3 year postgraduate Obstetrics course. Obstetrics and Gynaecology are the two surgical–medical specialties dealing with the female reproductive organs in their pregnant and non-pregnant state, respectively, and as such are often combined to form a single medical specialty and postgraduate training program. Course includes Obstetrics Pathology, Gynaecological Pathology, Operative Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Medical & Surgical Diseases, Complication in Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Social Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Abnormal Pregnancies, Common Disorders & Systemic Diseases Associated with Pregnancy, Common Obstetrical Operations, Infant Care, Neonatal hygiene, Breastfeeding, Artificial feeding, Management of premature child, Asphyxia, Birth injuries, Common Disorders of New Born etc. The duration of the course is two years and it career providing in nature.

M.S. Ophthalmology or Master of Surgery in Ophthalmology is a 3 year postgraduate course. Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. An ophthalmologist is a specialist in medical and surgical eye problems. The course includes orbital and ocular anatomy, Gross anatomy, Histology, Ocular Physiology, Ocular Pathology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology with reference to ocular immunology. The course also imparts the opportunities for ophthalmologic research in clinical surgery settings like fine microsurgery, using the operating microscope, and intraocular surgery or vitreoretinal surgery of the eye.

M.S. Orthopaedics or Master of Surgery in Orthopaedics is a 3 year postgraduate course. Orthopaedics is the branch of surgery concerned with acute, chronic, traumatic, and overuse injuries and other disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Orthopaedic surgeons address most musculoskeletal ailments including arthritis, trauma and congenital deformities using both surgical and non-surgical means. Orthopaedics covers that how to diagnose and treat diseases related to bones and joints such as all kinds of cervical spondylosis, bone tumour, spinal cord injury, rheumatoid arthritis, congenital diseases related to bones and joints, complex limb fractures and fractures that do not get healed.

MD Radiology is a 3- year long postgraduate course in medicine. As part of the curriculum, students are offered advanced insight into subjects such as Radio Physics, Basic Concepts, Production of X-Rays, and Interaction of Radiation with Matter, Radiation Detection and Measurement, Radiography, Fluoroscopy, Special Radiography, Computed Tomography, Ultrasonography etc.

Diploma in Child Health (DCH) is a post graduate diploma course of 2 years duration which deals with the nursing care of infants, children and also adolescents at the community level as well as at primary and secondary levels of health care. A person with an MBBS degree can get admission into this course.

Diploma in Orthopaedics is a 2 year post graduation level course. It commonly abbreviated as D.Ortho. Orthopaedics is a field of medicine that relates to specialists dealing with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Post Graduate Diploma in Orthopaedics provides the appropriate content for orthopaedic trainees and advanced therapists. Students gain the skills and qualification to compete for specialist posts in orthopaedics within the government established medical organizations and private practice. The clinical practice includes the clinical examination and evaluation of individual patients in order to prescribe and deliver the appropriate prosthesis or orthotic to each individual patient.



Diploma in Ophthalmology is a postgraduate Medical Ophthalmology Course. Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the Anatomy, Physiology and diseases of the eye. During the course, students learn the properties of light and geometric optics, including refraction and reflection. Here, they understand how light bends and reflects through the eye is key to understanding the principles of vision. Some of the topics covered include that how glasses and contact lenses can improve refraction and reflection problems in the human eye.

Diploma in Otorhinolaryngology or P.G. Diploma in Otorhinolaryngology abbreviated as D.L.O. is a 2 year postgraduate Diploma ENT programme. Otorhinolaryngology also was known as Otolaryngology, is the branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, as well as head and neck disorders. Some institutes term the course as Diploma in E.N.T (Otorhinolaryngology/Otolaryngology) which is one and the same thing unless specified. Post Graduate Diploma in Otorhinolaryngology course is meant to produce a competent Otolaryngologist who recognizes the health needs of ENT patients and carries out professional obligations in keeping with principles of National Health Policy and professional ethics. After this course candidate will recognize the key importance of deafness control programme in the context of health priority of the country. It helps to take detailed history; perform physical and local ENT examination including, Indirect Laryngoscopy, Anterior, Posterior rhinoscopy, otoscopy, audiometric assessment and interpretation.

Diploma in Medical Radio Diagnosis or DMRD is a 2-year diploma course pursued after graduation by medical aspirants. The course imparts in-depth knowledge of Radiology which is a division of medicine. Radiology uses imaging techniques such as X-rays, MRI and CT scan. These tests are conducted to diagnose a patient for treating the disease. This is a specialty of medical field and is growing rapidly.